For many years, the front suspensions on 4WD vehicles were nearly identical to the rear…

Even though there are many different suspension setups, most types can be categorized into one…

Steering knuckles support the wheel and tire, brakes, and sprung weight of the vehicle. A…

Ball joints allow the steering knuckle to pivot for steering while providing a tight connection…

Control arms are used to control wheel movement. Used on both front and rear suspensions,…

Shock absorbers are actually dampers, meaning that they reduce or make something less intense. The…

Weight carried by the springs is called sprung weight. Weight not carried by the springs…

The springs in the suspension have two important functions. Springs support the vehicle weight and…

Lateral acceleration is the measurement of the vehicles ability to corner. What we feel during…

The components of the suspension system, while impor tant separately, must operate as a whole…